Many alkaline earth metal catalysts are useful for promoting narrow range ethoxylation in the production of nonionic surfactants, with the most used barium catalysts. The barium oxide or the hydroxide can be used as a catalyst for the ethoxylation reaction, but the most widely used industrially is barium oxide.
A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device that converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants by catalyzing a redox reaction. Catalytic converters are usually used with internal combustion engines fueled by gasoline or diesel, including lean-burn engines, and sometimes on kerosene heaters and stoves.
Catalytic Converter – Catalytic Converter Recycling
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The catalytic converter used in diesel engines is called Diesel Oxidation Catalyst. This type of catalytic converter is called a two-way catalytic converter. Because they cannot remove nitrous oxide from the exhaust. For this reason, two methods are used to reduce nitrogen oxide emission in diesel engines. These are EGR system and SCR systems.
Two-way catalytic converters do a poor job of reducing NOx (nitrogen oxides), which led to the development of three-way plus air …
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What materials are used to make catalytic converters?
Cerium, iron, manganese, and nickel are also used, although each has limitations. Nickel is not legal for use in the European Union because of its reaction with carbon monoxide into toxic nickel tetracarbonyl. Copper can be used everywhere except Japan. Upon failure, a catalytic converter can be recycled into scrap.
What is a universal catalytic converter?
What is a Universal Catalytic Converter? As the name implies, universal catalytic converters can be installed in almost any vehicle, as long as the diameters of the inlet and outlet tubes are the same on the converter and the exhaust system, and it is the correct converter for the particular vehicle and the state it will be registered in.
What metals are used in catalysts?
The catalyst itself is most often a mix of precious metals, mostly from the platinum group. Platinum is the most active catalyst and is widely used, but is not suitable for all applications because of unwanted additional reactions and high cost. Palladium and rhodium are two other precious metals used.
Are heavy metal catalytic converters EPA approved?
Heavy Metal Catalytic Converters: HM converters are suitable for non-California (49-state) vehicles and are certified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), but not CARB. OEM-grade Catalytic Converters: OEM-grade converters meet both EPA and CARB standards.
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